Which condition is characterized by the accumulation of thick, viscous mucus due to an inherited genetic disorder?

Cystic fibrosis is associated with the accumulation of thick, viscous mucus as a result of a genetic disorder that affects the exocrine glands. It is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which leads to dysfunctional chloride channels. This malfunction impairs ion transport across epithelial cells, resulting in the production of thick and sticky mucus primarily in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs.

The thick mucus in cystic fibrosis leads to various complications, including recurrent lung infections, obstruction of pancreatic ducts, and difficulty with digestion and nutrient absorption. The condition manifests in early childhood and requires ongoing management to address respiratory issues and nutritional needs.

In contrast, conditions such as asthma, pneumonia, and emphysema have different underlying causes and pathophysiological mechanisms. Asthma is primarily characterized by airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. Pneumonia involves infection and inflammation of the lung parenchyma, and emphysema is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that involves damage to the alveoli. Each of these conditions has distinct clinical presentations and treatments, further emphasizing the uniqueness of cystic fibrosis as a hereditary disorder linked to mucus production.