What type of breath sounds are typically heard in a child with croup?

In a child with croup, diminished breath sounds accompanied by inspiratory stridor are characteristic findings. Croup is primarily caused by viral infections leading to inflammation and narrowing of the upper airways, particularly around the larynx. This inflammation can cause swelling and lead to a hallmark symptom: stridor, which is a high-pitched, wheezing sound resulting from turbulent airflow through a narrowed airway during inhalation.

Diminished breath sounds can occur due to partial obstruction and reduced airflow in the presence of swelling. In severe cases, where airway obstruction is significant, breath sounds may become further diminished. The presence of inspiratory stridor signals that there is still some airflow, but it also indicates that there is a significant degree of airway restriction.

This understanding is key when assessing a child with croup, as it helps in determining the severity of the condition and managing treatment effectively to alleviate airway obstruction and inflammation.