What is a pulmonary embolism?

A pulmonary embolism refers specifically to a blockage that occurs in the pulmonary vasculature, most commonly caused by a blood clot. This clot often originates from a deep vein thrombosis, which is a condition where blood clots form in the deep veins of the legs or other areas and then travel to the lungs. Once the embolism reaches the pulmonary arteries, it can obstruct blood flow, leading to decreased oxygenation of the blood and potentially resulting in serious complications or even death if not treated promptly.

This blockage can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain, and rapid heart rate, and it can significantly impact lung function. Understanding the nature of a pulmonary embolism is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment strategies in clinical settings, especially for patients with risk factors such as prolonged immobility, recent surgery, or a history of clotting disorders.