What findings might be present in a PFT of a patient with Bronchiectasis?

In a patient with bronchiectasis, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) typically reveal decreased airflow rates, particularly evidenced by reduced FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in one second) and FVC (Forced Vital Capacity). This is primarily due to the structural damage and chronic inflammation in the airways associated with bronchiectasis, which leads to impaired airflow and increased resistance during expiration.

In severe cases, this airflow limitation may be accompanied by a reduction in lung volumes as well, particularly as the disease progresses and air trapping or atelectasis can occur due to ongoing airway obstruction and inflammation. These findings reflect the obstructive nature of the disease, where airflow limitation contributes to an overall decline in pulmonary function.

The other options do not align with the expected findings in bronchiectasis. Normal pulmonary function results are unlikely due to the chronic respiratory disease nature. Increased lung capacity and flows would not be typical, as bronchiectasis usually does not present with these improvements. Stable lung volumes with minor adjustments do not reflect the progressive nature of the condition and the impact of airway obstruction on overall lung function. Therefore, decreased flows, along with potential decreased volumes in severe cases, accurately represent the pulmonary function profile of a patient with bronchiectasis.